Well yes, but not so fast ... as UNcoated wood cores can cause the same corrosion issue!
YES - PT will corrode tin; it is a well known fact.
YES - Use of stainless steel fasteners in aluminum will cause the tin to lose electrons to the SS, a more 'noble' metal, i.e., galvanic corrosion.
BUT - In the picture shown, the corroded holes are not located where the SS bolts are. This looks exactly like the transom on my Starcraft where I had to replace both the inside & outside transom skins. In that case, it was not PT wood that caused the problem, but UNtreated wood with any non-corroding coating on it ... i.e., bare plywood. This was confirmed with a phonecall to Starcraft Tech Support. Lund also used 'bare plywood' for a few years there, as I've seen this more on Lunds than any other brand.
Bare, uncoated plywood is bad as it WILL get wet and that damp wood sits against tin. Yes, galvanic corrosion will build up in the hull due to dissimilar metals, but if wet - and worse, if left wet with saltwater - then the tin can corrode from the dampness, regardless of any SS hardware to tin effect.
Summary - A boat with a transom of non-PT wood that is UNcoated wood, can suffer the same fate as pictured. Coat any wood core materials used with epoxy or that Old Timers spar varnish treatment (which I opine is inferior, but that's another topic of discussion).
I myself have only seen transoms like these on boats known or confirmed to have been immersed in saltwater, even once ... where a tall stern wave wet the transom core.